Class 10 Ncert Cbse
Social Science (Geography)
Contemporary India Part - II
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
Extra Important (Sample) Questions
Q.1: How can industries be
classified on the basis of source of raw materials used?
Solution: (i) Agro-based such as cotton,
wool, jute, silk-textile, sugar, tea, edible oil etc. (ii) Mineral-based such
as, iron and steel, cement, aluminium, petrochemicals etc.
Q.2: Explain how agriculture and industry move hand in hand.
Solution:
Contribution of agriculture to industry:
(i)
Agriculture provides raw material to industry e.g. jute, cotton, sugarcane etc.
(ii)
It also acts as source of capital formation which can be utilized in industry.
(iii)
It provides food to the industrial workers.
(iv)
It provides good market to the industrial product.
(v)
It also decreases pressure on industry.
Contribution of industry to agriculture:
(i)
Industry provides inputs to the agriculture e.g. fertilizers, pesticides,
tractors etc.
(ii)
It provides infrastructural facilities.
(iii)
It can absorb surplus labourers and workers of agriculture to reduce pressure
on agriculture.
(iv)
It also increases the market value of agricultural products.
Thus,
development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only assisted
agriculturists in increasing their production but also made the production
process very efficient. From the above, we can conclude that agriculture and
industry move hand in hand.
Q.3: What is importance of the manufacturing industries?
Solution:
Manufacturing industries are considered as the backbone of development in
general and economic development in particular mainly because –
1.
Employment generation: Manufacturing industries are the main source of
employment for large number of skilled as well as unskilled workers.
2. Foreign
exchange: Export of manufactured goods brings foreign exchange to India.
3. Reduction
of pressure on land: Manufacturing industries produces products of our daily
needs and also reduce pressure on agricultural sector for employment.
4. Removal
of economic problems: Industrial development is a precondition for removal of
economic problems like, poverty, unemployment and economic inequality. It also
helps in bringing down regional disparities of by establishing industries in
tribal and backward areas.
Q.4: “Industrialization and Urbanization go hand in hand”.
Explain.
Solution: After an
industrial activity starts, urbanization follows automatically. Sometimes,
industries are located near the cities Thus, industrialization and urbanization
go hand in hand because –
(i) Cities provide
market and various other services like banking, insurance, transportation,
medical and schooling facilities, labour, and so on to the industries.
(ii) Industrial
workers and other employees need housing and other facilities. The provision of
these facilities can convert a small town into big cities.
Q.5: Which factors are responsible for the decentralization of
cotton textile mills in India?
Solution:
(a) Cotton textile have a very high demand throughout the country.
(b)
Major inputs like banking, electricity and transportation are available in
almost every part of the country.
(c)
Textile industry is a labour intensive industry and labour is easily available
in India.
(d)
Textile industry requires less technological inputs and can be carried out
using simple tools and techniques.
Q.6: What is ‘large scale’ and ‘small scale’ industries? Give
examples.
Solution:
Those industries that employ large number of workers in each unit and having
large production level are known as large industries e.g. cotton textile
industry.
The
industry that employs small number of workers in each unit and having small
production level is known as small scale industry e.g. readymade garment
industry.
Q.7: What is the importance of
Jute industry?
Solution: 1. Employment : The jute
industry supports 2.61 lakh workers directly and another 40 lakh small and
marginal farmers who are engaged in cultivation of jute and Mesta.
2. Products : Jute industry
providesproducts of daily use like jute bags, ropes, mats etc.
3. Foreign exchange : Jute products
have a good export market by which we can earn good amount of foreign exchange.
4. Promotion of small scale industries
: Many products of jute industry are manufactured in cottage and small scale
industries. Thus, it promotes decentralization of industries.
Q.8: Mention different factors affecting the location of
industries.
Solution:
The factors affecting the location of industries are:
(a)
Availability of raw material (b) Availability of cheap labour (c)
Availability of easy capital (d) Availability of cheap and abundant
power supply (e) Nearness to the market (f) Government policies
(g) Availability of transport facilities
Location
of an industry has to be based on where all the above factors are either
available or can be arranged at lower cost.
Q.9: Why does textile industry occupy a unique place in the
Indian economy?
Solution: The textile
industry occupies a unique position in the Indian economy, because:
(a) Textile industry contributes
significantly to the country’s industrial production (14 per cent).
(b) Employment generation is very high
(35 million persons directly — the second largest after agriculture).
(c) This industry is high foreign
exchange earning potential (about 24.6 per cent).
(d) It contributes 4 per cent towards
GDP.
(e) Textile industry is the only
industry in the country, which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain
i.e., from raw material to the highest value added products.
Q.10: Why has the Chhotanagpur plateau region maximum concentration
of iron and steel industries?
Solution:
Chhotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel
industries largely, because of the relative advantages this region has for the
development of this industry. These include:
(a)
low cost of iron ore (b) Availability of high grade raw materials in this
region (c) Availability of cheap labour (d) Vast growth potential in the home
market (e) Availability of coal within a short distance (f) Nearness to the
port (Kolkata).
Q.11: Why were cotton textile industries mainly concentrated in
Maharashtra and Gujarat in the early years?
Solution:
The cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt of
Maharashtra and Gujarat. Several other factors are:
(a)
Availability of raw cotton (b) Availability of market (c) Transport including
accessible port facilities (d) Cheap labour from the metropolitan cities of
Mumbai and Ahmedabad (e) Favorable moist climate.
Q.12: Classify industries on
the basis of ownership.
Solution: On the basis of ownership,
industries can be classified as :
Public
Sector Industries:
owned and operated by government agencies e.g. BHEL, SAIL, HAL, ONGC etc.
Private
Sector Industries:
owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals e.g. TISCO, Bajaj
Auto Ltd., Tata Motors, Tata Steel etc.
Joint
Sector Industries:
which are jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals
e.g. Oil India Ltd. (OIL) is jointly owned by public and private sector.
Cooperative
Sector Industries:
owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or
both. They pool in the resources and share the profits or losses
proportionately such as the sugar industry in Maharashtra, the coir industry in
Kerala etc.
Q.13: What are the major problems of cotton textile industry in
India?
Solution:
The various problems associated with cotton textile industry in India are –
(1)
lack of good quality long, staple cotton.
(2)
erratic power supply
(3)
out dated machinery and technology
(4)
low output of workers
(5)
stiff international competition.
Contemporary India II – Manufacturing Industries: Further study
- Ncert Cbse Geography Class 10 Manufacturing Industries | Contemporary India II - Exercise Solutions
- Cbse Class 10 Geography Contemporary India II | MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES | Ncert Social Science | Points to Remember (Notes)
- 10th Cbse Ncert Geography Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) | Chapter 6 Contemporary India II - Manufacturing Industries
- Class 10 Contemporary India II (Geography) solutions for Exercise In-Text questions - Manufacturing Industries | NCERT (CBSE) Social Science (Geography)
