Class 10 Contemporary India II, CBSE - NCERT Social Science (Geography) | Chapter 1, Resources and Development - Question Bank

Class X - NCERT (CBSE) Geography (Contemporary India - II)

RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

Q.1: Identify at least two resources from each category.

Q.2: Can you name some resource-rich but economically backward regions and some resources poor but economically developed regions. Give reasons for such a situations.  

Q.3: Why is conservation of resources important?

Q.4: The pattern of net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over 80% of the total area in Punjab and Haryana and less than 10% in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman Nicobar Islands.

Find out reasons for the low proportion of net sown area in these states.   

Q.5: What are resources?

Q.6: Why are the human beings essential components of resources?

Q.7: How are the resources classified on the basis of origin and exhaustibility?

Q.8: Classify the resources on the basis of ownership and status of development.

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Further study

Resources and Development | Class X, NCERT (CBSE), Social Science (Geography) | Chapter 1, Contemporary India - II | Textbook Exercise Solution [Read]

Class 9 NCERT - CBSE English (Communicative) - IX English Literature Reader | The Bishop's Candlesticks - Sample Questions

Class IX, NCERT (CBSE) English (Communicative)

Interact in English Literature Reader

The Bishop's Candlesticks

Additional Questions

Q.1: ‘Always remember, my son, that this poor body is the Temple of the Living God.’

(a) Who says these words and to whom?

(b) What does he mean to say this?

(c) Does the person spoken agree with his remarks?

Q.2: ‘Human body is the temple of living God.’ Explain this remark in context of this drama.

Q.3: What is the theme of the play ‘The Bishop’s Candlesticks’?

Q.4: Why does the Bishop cherish the candlesticks so much? What does he say about them to his sister, Persome?

Q.5: Why does the Bishop save the convict from the police and help him escape?   

Read Answers

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The Bishop's Candlesticks - NCERT (CBSE) Class 9, Literature Reader for English Course (Communicative): Answers of Textbook Exercise

Class 7 Science CBSE Board | Chapter 4, Heat | NCERT Science Solutions

Class VII Science (CBSE Board)

Chapter 4, heat

NCERT Science Textbook Exercise (Solved)

Q.1: State similarities and differences between the laboratory and clinical thermometer.  

Ans: Similarities:

1. Both consist of a long, narrow, uniform glass tube.

2. Both have a bulb containing mercury at the end of the tube.

3. Both are marked with Celsius scale on the glass tube.

Differences:

1. A clinical thermometer reads temperature from 35^OC to 42^OC, while a laboratory thermometer ranges between

–10^OC to 110^OC.

2. Clinical thermometer has a kink near the bulb while there is no kink in laboratory thermometer.      

Q.2: Give two examples each of conductors and insulators of heat.   

Ans:

Conductors of heat: copper, iron.

Insulators: wood, paper, plastic.  

Q.3: Fill in the blanks:

(a) The hotness of an object is determined by its _____________.

(b) Temperature of boiling water can not be measured by a _________ thermometer.

(c) Temperature is measured in degree ___________.

(d) No medium is required for transfer of heat by the process of _______.

(e) A cold steel spoon is dipped in a cup of hot milk. It transfers heat to its other end by the process of _________.

(f) Clothes of __________ colours absorb heat better than clothes of light colours.   

Ans: (a) temperature, (b) Celsius, (c) conduction, (d) clinical, (e) radiation, (f) dark

Q.4: Match the following:

(i) Land breeze blows during (ii) Sea breeze blows during (iii) Dark coloured clothes are preferred during (iv) Light coloured clothes are preferred during

(a) Summer (b) Winter (c) Day (d) Night

Ans: (i) - d, (ii) - c, (iii) - b, (iv) - a.  

Q.5: Discuss why wearing more layers of clothing during winter keeps us warmer than wearing just one thick piece of clothing.

Ans: Wearing more layers of clothing during winter keeps us warmer than wearing just one thick piece of clothing because of the air trapped between two layers of clothes. This layer prevents the flow of the heat from our body to the cold surroundings and keeps our body relatively warmer.     

Q.7: In places of hot climate it is advised that outer walls of houses be painted white. Explain.

Ans: It is because the white colour reflects most of the heat that falls on it. Hence, the outer walls of the houses in the places of hot climate are advised to paint with white colour so that most of the heat falling on these walls would be reflected which will help in keeping the houses cool.    

Q.8: One liter of water at 30^OC is mixed with one liter of water at 50^OC. The temperature of the mixture will be:

(a) 80^OC (b) more than 50^OC but less than 80^OC

(c) 20^OC (d) between 30^OC and 50^OC   

Ans: (d)

Q.9: An iron ball at 40^OC is dropped in a mug containing water at 40^OC. The heat will

(a) flow from iron ball to water

(b) not flow from iron ball to water or from water to iron ball.

(c) flow from water to iron ball.

(d) increase the temperature of both.

Ans: (b)

Q.10: A wooden spoon is dipped in a cup of ice cream. Its other end

(a) becomes cold by the process of conduction.

(b) becomes cold by the process convection.

(c) becomes cold by the process of radiation.

(d) does not become cold.   

Ans: (d)

Q.11: Stainless steel pans are usually provided with copper bottoms. The reason for this could be that

(a) copper bottom makes the pan more durable.

(b) such pans appear colourful.

(c) copper is better conductor of heat than the stainless steel.

(d) copper is easier to clean than the stainless steel.

Ans: (c)

NCERT (CBSE) Science Class 7 Heat - Study Material

(Notes and Additional Important Questions)

Q.1: Give the names of any three kinds of thermometers.

Q.2: Which metal is used in the bulb of thermometer?

Q.3: What is the unit of temperature?

Q.4: What is the range of clinical thermometer?

Q.5: By which method we get heat from the sun?

Q.6: What kind of cloth we prefer in summer?

Q.7: What are conductors?

Q.8: State whether following statements are true or false:

a. Our sense of touch about hotness or coldness is not always reliable.

b. Normal temperature of human body is 98.6^OC.

c. In all cases heat flows from a hotter object to a colder object.

d. Water at higher temperature feels hotter.

e. Marking on clinical thermometer is from 0^OC to 100^OC.

f. Shinning thread in thermometer is the column of mercury.

g. The materials which allow heat to pass through them easily are called conductors.

h. Water and air are good conductors of heat.

i. Woolen clothes keep us warm during winter.

j. The maximum and minimum temperature of the day is measured by a laboratory thermometer.

k. Celsius is the SI unit of temperature.

l. Conduction is the method of transfer of heat in gases.

Q.9: Fill in the blanks:

(i) Temperature is the measure of _________ of an object.

(ii) The thermometer used to measure human body temperature is called __________ thermometer.

(iii) The normal temperature of human body is ___________^OC.

(iv) A ___________ near the bulb of a clinical thermometer prevents mercury level from falling of its own.

(v) The water and air are ___________ conductors of heat.

(vi) All hot bodies radiate ______________.

(vii) Wool is a ____________ conductor of heat.      

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Class 10, CBSE (NCERT) Science | Chapter-1, Chemical Reactions and Equations | NCERT Solution - Science Textbook Exercise

10th NCERT (CBSE) - Science (Chemistry)

 Chapter 1, Chemical Reactions and Equations

Solutions of Science Textbook Exercise Questions

Q.1: Which of the statements about the reaction below are incorrect?

     2PbO + C ---> 2Pb + CO_2­

(a) Lead is getting reduced.

(b) Carbon dioxide is getting oxidized.

(c) Carbon is getting oxidized.

(d) Lead oxide is getting reduced.

(i) a and b (ii) a and c (iii) a, b and c (iv) all.

Ans: (i) a and b.

Q.2: Fe₂O₃ + 2Al ---> Al₂O₃ + 2Fe

The above reaction is an example of a

(a) combination reaction

(b) double displacement reaction

(c) decomposition reaction

(d) displacement reaction.

Ans: (d)

Q.3: What happens when dilute HCl is added to iron filings ? Tick the correct answer.

(a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.

(b) Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced.

(c) No reaction takes place.

(d) Iron salt and water are produced.

Ans: (a)

Q.4: What is a balanced chemical equation ? Why should chemical equation be balanced ?

Ans: An equation having an equal number of atoms of each element on both the sides is called a balanced chemical equation.

According to this law, mass can neither be created nor destroyed. In other words, the total mass of reactants should be equal to the total mass of the products in a chemical equation.  Therefore, the total number atoms of each element participating in the reaction must be equal on both sides of the chemical equation i.e. before and after reaction. Hence, it is for the above reason that a chemical equation should be balanced.  

Q.5: Translate the following statements into balanced chemical equations.

(a) Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia.

(b) Hydrogen sulphide burns in air to give water and sulphur dioxide.

(c) Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a precipitate of barium sulphate.

(d) Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.   

Ans:

(a) N₂ + 3H₂ ---> 2NH₃

(b) 2H₂S + 3O₂ ---> 2H₂O + 2SO₂

(c) 3BaCl₂ + Al₂(SO₄)₃ ---> 3BaSO₄ + 2AlCl₃

(d) 2K + 2H₂O ---> 2KOH + H₂

Q.6: Balance the following chemical equations.

(a) HNO₃ + Ca(OH)₂ ---> Ca(NO₃)₂  + H₂O  

(b) NaOH + H₂SO₄ ---> Na₂SO₄ + H₂O

(c) NaCl + AgNO₃ ---> AgCl + NaNO₃

(d) BaCl2 + H₂SO₄ ---> BaSO₄ + HCl

Ans:

(a) 2HNO₃ + Ca(OH)₂ ---> Ca(NO₃)₂  + 2H₂O  

(b) 2NaOH + H₂SO₄ ---> Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

(c) NaCl + AgNO₃ ---> AgCl + NaNO₃

(d) BaCl₂ + H₂SO₄ ---> BaSO₄ + 2HCl

Q.7: Write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.

(a) Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide ---> Calcium carbonate + Water

(b) Zinc + Silver Nitrate ---> Zinc nitrate + Silver

(c) Aluminium + Copper chloride ---> Aluminium chloride + Copper

(d) Barium chloride + Potassium sulphate --->. Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride

Ans:

(a) Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ ---> CaCO₃ + H₂O

(b) Zn + 2AgNO₃ ---> Zn(NO₃)₂ + 2Ag

(c) 2Al + 3CuCl₂ ---> 2AlCl₃ + 3Cu

(d) BaCl₂ + K2SO₄ ---> BaSO₄ + 2KCl

Q.8: Write the balanced chemical equations for the following and identify the type of reaction in each case.

(a) Potassium bromide + Barium iodide ---> Potassium iodide + Barium bromide

(b) Zinc carbonate ---> Zinc oxide + Carbon dioxide

(c) Hydrogen + Chlorine ---> Hydrogen chloride

(d) Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid ---> Magnesium chloride + Hydrogen

Ans:

(a) 2KBr + BaI₂ ---> 2KI + BaBr₂

(b) ZnCO₃ ---> ZnO + CO₂

(c) H₂ + Cl₂ ---> 2HCl

(d) Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl₂ + H₂

Q.9: What does one mean by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give examples.

Ans:

Exothermic reactions: Those reactions in which energy is released in the form of heat are called exothermic reactions. Examples -

(1) All combustion reactions e.g.

CH₄ + 2O₂ ---> CO₂ + 2H₂O + Heat

(2) Thermite reactions e.g.

2Al + Fe₂O₃ ---> 2Fe + Al₂O₃ + Heat

Combinations are generally exothermic in nature. The decomposition of organic matters into compost is an example of exothermic reaction.

Endothermic reactions: Those reactions in which energy is absorbed are called endothermic reactions. Examples -

,

also, the reaction of photosynthesis -

  

Q.10: Why is respiration considered an exothermic reaction? Explain.

Ans: For the sustenance of life we require energy. We obtain this  energy from our food. In the process of digestion, food molecules get converted into simpler substances such as, glucose. Then glucose combine with oxygen and provide energy to our body. The whole process is known as respiration. As because, energy is released during the process of respiration, so it is considered an exothermic reaction. For example, 

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ ---> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy  

Q.11: Why are decomposition reactions called the opposite of combination reactions? Write equations for these reactions.  

Ans: Decomposition reactions are those reactions in which a compound is broken into two or more new compounds.   

Combination reactions are those reactions in which two substances are combined to form a new substance.

CaO + CO₂ ---> CaCO₃ + energy

In above examples, both the reactions are same but show opposite directions, so decomposition reaction is called the opposite of combination reaction.

Q.12: Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat, light or electricity.  

Ans:

(a) Decomposition by heat or thermal energy

(b) Decomposition by light or photolysis

2AgCl ---> 2Ag + Cl₂ (in presence of light)

(c) Decomposition by electricity or electrolysis

 

Q.13: What is the difference between the displacement and double displacement reactions? Write equations for these reactions.  

Ans: In displacement reaction, one element from its salt is displaced by a more reactive element e.g. in following example, Cu is displaced by Zn from CuSO₄ because Zn is more reactive.

CuSO₄ + Zn ---> ZnSO₄ + Cu  

In double displacement reaction, exchange of ions takes place between two reactants to form new products.

Na₂SO₄ + BaCl₂ ---> BaSO₄ + 2NaCl

Q.14: In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involved displacement by copper metal. Write down the reaction involved.   

Ans: When copper is mixed in silver nitrate solution, it displaces the silver because copper is more reactive than silver.

2AgNO₃ + Cu ---> Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2Ag

Q.15: What do you mean by a precipitation reaction? Explain by giving examples.

Ans: The reactions in which a precipitate is formed are called precipitation reactions. Examples:

1. Na₂SO₄ + BaCl₂ ---> BaSO₄ + 2NaCl

In this reaction, BaSO4 is obtained as precipitate.

2. Na₂CO₃ + CaCl₂ ---> CaCO₃ + 2NaCl

Here calcium carbonate is obtained as precipitate.

Q.16: Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each.

          (a).Oxidation

          (b).Reduction

Ans:

(a) Oxidation: The reactions in which gain of oxygen takes place are called oxidation. Examples -

1. 2Cu + O₂ ---> 2CuO

2. 2H₂ + O₂ ---> 2H₂O

(b) Reduction: The reactions in which loss of oxygen takes place are called reduction. Examples -  

1. ZnO + C ---> Zn + CO

2. CuO + H2 ---> Cu + H₂O

Q.17: A shiny brown coloured element ‘X’ on heating in air becomes black in colour. Name the element ‘X’ and the black coloured compound formed.

Ans: The shinny brown colored element ‘X’ is copper. When it is heated in air, it becomes black due to the deposit of copper oxide.

  

Q.18: Why do we apply paint on iron articles ?

Ans: We apply paint on iron articles to prevent them from corrosion. Paint prevents iron from coming in contact with air and moisture. Thus, painting prevents rusting of iron articles.  

Q.19: Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Why ?

Ans: Nitrogen being an inert gas does not react easily with the oil and fat present in the food substances. But oxygen reacts easily with the food substances and makes them rancid.  It is because of this reason that food items containing oil and fat are flushed with nitrogen gas before their packing to remove oxygen present in the pack.

Q.20: Explain the following terms with an example each:

(a) Corrosion (b) Rancidity

Ans:

(a) Corrosion: Corrosion is a process in which materials deteriorate as a result of a chemical reaction with moisture and other chemicals present in its surroundings.  Generally, metals get corroded more easily. For example, iron in the presence of moisture, reacts with oxygen  (air) to form hydrated iron oxide also called Rust.

4Fe + 3O₂ +nH₂O ---> 2Fe₂O₃.nH₂O

(b) Rancidity: It is a process of oxidation in which fats and oils present in food items are oxidized that can be easily noticed by the change in their taste and smell.

Rancidity can be prevented by:

1. Storing food in refrigerators or in air-tight containers.

2. Flushing oil and fat containing food items with nitrogen before their packing.

3. By adding anti-oxidants.

Further Study on Chapter 1, Chemical Reactions and Equations  

• Chemical Reactions and Equations | Class 10 NCERT (CBSE) Science (Chemistry) Textbook In-Text Questions - Answers [Read] 
• Class 10 NCERT (CBSE) Science Chemistry - Multiple choice questions (MCQ) | Chapter 1,  Chemical Reactions and Equations [Read]
• Xth CBSE Chemistry | NCERT Science Textbook - Chapter 1, Chemical Reactions and Equations | Notes and Sample Questions-Answers [Read]

Class X CBSE English (Communicative) - NCERT Solution for English Literature Reader | Ode To The West Wind | Additional Questions

Class X, NCERT (CBSE) English

Interact in English Literature Reader

Unit 5 (Poetry), Ode To The West Wind

NCERT Guide for English Literature Reader (Additional Important Questions)

Q.1: “Make me thy lyre, even . . . . . .

         . . . . . . . . Sweet though in sadness.”

(a) What is the poet’s appeal to the west wind in the stanza?

(b) What is the west wind’s lyre?

(c) Who are ‘both’?

(d) What is the similarity between the forest and the poet?

(e) What is the poetic device used in these lines?

Q.2: “O thou, Who chariotest to . . . . . . . .

        . . . . . . . . .hues and odors plain and hill:”

(a) Who does ‘thou’ refer to?

(b) Explain “chariotest to their wintry bed”.

(c) What do thou do to the winged seeds? or Where does the wind carry the seeds?

(d) How do the seeds lie?

(e) Where and how does the west wind blow?

(f) Who are the two sisters? What is the difference between the two sisters?

Q.3: “Thou dirge

         of the dying year . . . . . .  . . . .

        . . . . . . . . . . . . . fire, and hail burst: Oh, hear!”

(a) Why is the west wind referring to as a ‘dirge’?

(b) Explain ‘dying year’ and ‘closing night’.

(c) Why is the closing night called a ‘sepulcher’?

(d) What are vapours?

(e) How will the dying year end?

(f) How does the poet describe the might of the west wind here?

Q.4: “Wild spirit, which art . . . . . . . .

        . . . . . . . . . . preserver, hear, Oh hear!”

(a) Who is addressed as wild spirit? Why?

(b) How is the wild spirit a destroyer and a preserver?

Q.5: “Scatter, as from an extinguished . . . . . . . . . .

         . . . . . . trumpet of a prophecy.”  

(a) Who will blow ‘The trumpet of a prophecy’?

(b) What is the prophecy?

(c) What is meant by ‘unawakened earth’?

(d) What does the poet wants the west wind to do? or What is the poet’s appeal to the west wind here?

Q.6: How does the poem, ‘Ode to the West Wind’ reflect the poet’s love for liberty? Your answer should be around 100 words.

Click here for Answers

Further Study           

Ode to the West Wind (Poetry) | 10th NCERT (CBSE), English (Communicative) Interact in English Literature Reader | Textbook Exercise Solution [Read]

  

Ode To The West Wind (Poetry) | 10th NCERT (CBSE), English (Communicative) | Interact in English Literature Reader Textbook Exercise Solution

Class 10, CBSE English (Communicative) - Interact in English Literature Reader

Unit 5 (Poetry), Ode To The West Wind

NCERT English Literature Reader - Textbook Exercise Answers

Q.III: Answer the following questions:

1. What season of the year is presented in the poem?

2. What will happen to the dormant seeds once the West Wind’s sister blows her clarion?

3. What will happen as all the clouds are gathered by the wind? (In line 23.)

4. Throughout stanza II, the poet describes the approaching storm and its elements that the West Wind will bring. Describe the storm in your own words.

5. The blue Mediterranean lies calm all summer. What comes to waken it?

6. In lines 53-54, the poet has “(fallen) upon the thorns of life . . .” He wishes he could be free of life’s burdens. Quote how he phrases his desire to escape the “thorns of life” in these lines.

7. In lines 55-56, the poet says he used to have strength like the West Wind but now how does he describe himself?

8. The last line of the poem is often quoted. What do you understand the line to mean - other than that one season follows another?         

Ans:

1. The Autumn season is presented in the poem.

2. When the West Wind’s azure sister of the spring blows, the dormant seeds sprout and grow into plants yielding multicolored flowers with sweet smell.

3. The gathered clouds indicate an imminent storm.

4. The West Wind blows very fast. It scatters clouds in the sky in the same way as it sheds decaying leaves on earth. The dark clouds cover the whole of the sky as if they are being shaken out of a celestial tree. The poet compared the locks of the approaching storm with the open locks of Maenad, a follower of God Bacchus. The storm moves the clouds fast and the sky looks like the dome of a vast sepulcher made of water vapours. Thus the West Wind brings torrential rain, lightening, hail-storm in its trail.

5. The West Wind, which blows in autumn, comes to waken the peaceful sleep of the blue Mediterranean.

6. He says: “Oh, lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!”

7. He describes himself as “tame less, and swift and proud’ in the past. But now that strong person feels chained and bowed by the heavy burdens of life.

8. This time contains a beautiful and optimistic message to suffering humanity. The dark, difficult days of sufferings will not last for ever. Soon the bright, warm days will bring joy, beauty and colour in our lives. As darkness is followed by light, similarly sorrows and suffering will yield to joys and merry-making.

In one sentence, the last line means that after wintry days of misfortune, the spring of good fortune and happiness comes.                

Q.IV: Given below are some characteristics of an ode. How does ‘Ode To The west Wind’ reveal these characteristics?

(a) An ode is an elaborately structured lyric . . . . . . . . . . to the accompaniment of a musical instrument.  

Ans: (a) ‘Ode To The west Wind’ is a beautiful ode. It is an elaborately structured lyric poem of five stanzas. Each stanza 14 lines with a definite rhyme scheme. The poem has been addressed to the west wind which has been personified as a powerful spirit and called the life-breadth of autumn. The West Wind is praised and glorified. It is very powerful and moves everywhere on the earth, the sky, and the sea. The mighty West Wind can bring havoc in the three worlds. It destroys plants and leaves on the earth. It rouses the Mediterranean from its sleep. Even the level waves of the Atlantic recognize its might. The plants and foliage at the bottom of the sea grow gray with fear, tremble and shed their leaves. The description in the first three stanzas is purely objective and intellectual.

The personal note in the fourth and fifth stanzas only serves to highlight the strength and power of the West Wind, which can be a destroyer as well as preserver. The poem can be set to music. Finally the poet presents the West Wind not as a mystical phenomenon, but as an essentially tangible force in nature with which he can identify.        

Q.V: In this poem the poet has personified the West Wind. Who do you think he has personified the West Wind as?

Ans: P.B. Shelley personifies the West Wind as the breadth of autumn’s being. It is the life-breadth or spirit force that is behind all the activities of autumn e.g.,

“ . . . .Be thou, Spirit fierce, My spirit !”    

Q.VI: In ‘Ode To The West Wind’ the West Wind is symbolic of death and re-birth. Find instances from the poem to bring out this symbolism.    

Ans: Instances which make the West Wind symbolic of death -

(a) The winged seeds lying like corpses,

(b) The poet calls the wind a dirge and the approaching storm a sepulcher.  

Instances which make the West Wind symbolic of re-birth -

(a) The sea blooms,

(b) The poet asks the West Wind to spread his dead thoughts over the universe as it scatters the dead and decayed leaves,

(c) The poet asks the West Wind to scatter his message among the sleeping mankind. He appeals to the West Wind to act as the trumpet of the prophecy of the onset of spring and winter.   

Q.VII: read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow:

1. Oh, lift me . . . . . . . . .thorns of life! I bleed!

(a) What is the mood of the poet?

(b) What is his appeal to the West Wind?

(c) What does the poet mean by ‘the thorns of life’?    

2. The trumpet . . . . . . . . be far behind?

(a) What do the spring and winter stand for?

(b) Which of the following emotions of the poet is expressed in these lines: (i) optimism (ii) pessimism (iii) realism?

(c) Who will blow the trumpet of prophecy?

Ans: 1.

(a) The poet is in a cheerless, melancholy and despondent mood. He gives vent to his sorrows, suffering and personal misfortunes.

(b) He makes a lyrical outburst and fervent appeal to the West Wind to come to his help and rescue him from his present miserable state. He appeals to the West Wind to lift him up in the same way as it carries away a wave, a leaf or a cloud.

(c) ‘Thorns of life’ stand for the difficulties and miseries faced by the poet.  

2.

(a) Spring and winter are here used metaphorically. Winter stands for dark and difficult times that often come in one’s life. It thwarts and stops all activities - human or natural. Spring stands for vitality, rejuvenation, peace and optimism. It brings new activity, life and colour with it.

(b) These lines express sound optimism of the poet. He is confident that the period of suffering and pain will be followed by one of enjoyment and pleasure.

(c) The West Wind will act as the poet’s messenger and blow the trumpet of prophecy.   

further study           

Class X CBSE English (Communicative) - NCERT English Literature Reader | Ode To The West Wind | Additional Important Questions [Read]